IPS (In Plane Switching) Panels- IPS has become very popular due to the great color accuracy and available viewing angles (almost 180 degrees). The response time isn't as good as with TN panels, however. VA (Vertical Alignment) Panels- VA panels fall between TN and IPS in terms of what they offer in as far as color reproduction and viewing angles- you'll get nice, inky black and accurate colors. However, they have poorer color reproduction/contrast and fewer viable viewing angles than the other panel types They offer ~1ms response times, making them ideal for fast-paced gaming like first-person shooters. TN (Twisted Nematic) Panels- this is the most common monitor panel type, commonly used in budget monitors. Within the category of LCD monitors are three main panel types, each offering some advantages and disadvantages: TN, VA and IPS. LCD monitors historically have CCFL backlighting but commonly have LED backlighting today. The electric current aligns the crystals in the liquid layer, which allows or blocks light, depending on what color it's supposed to display. The LCD monitor does not produce its own light. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitors feature a layer of liquid held between two pieces of polarized glass. This gives you inky blackness and brighter, more dynamic color, rather than the entire screen being evenly backlit all the time. With mini-LED monitors, this capability is enhanced since the diodes are about 1/5th the size of standard LEDs, giving you more precise dimming capability. 
This capability allows you to dim parts of the screen depending on what's being shown. Some computer monitors, known as LCD HDR (high dynamic range) displays, feature local LED dimming. Monitors with edge lighting only have LEDs around the perimeter of the monitor and the light is spread with a sheet of plastic to distribute the light evenly, which saves money for the manufacturer and ultimately for you. Monitors with full-array lighting have diodes evenly distributed behind the monitor, providing even lighting across the entire screen.
Some high-performance, modern monitors have mini-LEDs, which allows for even finer lighting control. The arrangement of the LEDs behind the screen varies-monitors feature either full-array LED backlighting or edge lighting. LED monitors use LEDs (light-emitting diodes) to light up the screen, which are basically very small bulbs, like mini Christmas lights.
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